How does growth hormone affect metabolism?

• A. It decreases protein synthesis
• B. It promotes fat storage in the body
• C. It increases protein synthesis and aids in fat breakdown
• D. It has no significant effects on metabolism

Answer: (C)

Growth hormone has a significant impact on metabolism, primarily by increasing protein synthesis and facilitating fat breakdown. This hormone stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which plays a crucial role in cell growth and development. The enhancement of protein synthesis contributes to muscle growth and repair, making it essential for overall body composition and health.

In addition, growth hormone influences lipid metabolism by promoting lipolysis, which is the breakdown of fat stores into free fatty acids that can be used for energy. As a result, there is an increase in energy availability from fat sources, which can enhance physical performance and support weight management.

Overall, the actions of growth hormone underscore its anabolic properties, leading to increased muscle mass and a reduction in body fat, making this hormone essential in metabolic regulation.