What are the symptoms of Cushing's syndrome?

• A. Weight loss, low blood pressure, and fatigue
• B. Weight gain, high blood pressure, and changes in mood
• C. Excessive thirst and urination
• D. Muscle weakness and joint pain

Answer: (B)

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by excessive levels of cortisol in the body, often due to overproduction by the adrenal glands or from external sources such as glucocorticoid medication. The symptoms associated with Cushing's syndrome include weight gain, particularly in the abdomen and face (sometimes described as a "moon face"), high blood pressure, and significant changes in mood or psychological state, which may manifest as anxiety, depression, or mood swings. These symptoms arise due to the effects of cortisol on metabolism, cardiovascular health, and emotional regulation.

The presence of weight gain and hypertension reflects the alterations in fluid balance and metabolism linked to elevated cortisol levels, while mood changes result from the impact of the hormone on the brain. This set of symptoms distinguishes Cushing's syndrome from other conditions that might cause different hormonal imbalances and symptom profiles. Other options present symptoms that do not align with the hallmark features of Cushing's syndrome, making them less relevant to the diagnosis.