What hormone is involved in the body’s response to low blood glucose levels?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Cortisol
• D. Thyroxine

Answer: (B)

The hormone that plays a crucial role in the body's response to low blood glucose levels is glucagon. When blood glucose levels drop, glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas. Its primary function is to stimulate the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream, thereby raising blood glucose levels back to a normal range. This is essential for maintaining energy levels, especially during fasting or periods of intense exercise when glucose availability decreases.

In contrast, insulin, which is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, works to lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy use. Cortisol, a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, contributes to glucose metabolism but is more involved in the body's stress response and can increase blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis. Thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland, primarily regulates metabolism and does not have a direct role in managing blood glucose levels. Therefore, glucagon is the key hormone that specifically addresses low blood glucose levels.