What is the impact of insulin on target cells?

• A. It lowers blood pressure.
• B. It inhibits appetite.
• C. It facilitates glucose uptake by cells.
• D. It increases cholesterol levels.

Answer: (C)

Insulin plays a crucial role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, and its primary function on target cells is to facilitate glucose uptake. When insulin binds to its receptors on the surface of muscle and fat cells, it triggers a series of intracellular processes that increase the translocation of glucose transporter proteins to the cell membrane. This allows glucose from the bloodstream to enter the cells, where it can be used for energy production or stored for future use.

Additionally, insulin also promotes the synthesis of glycogen in the liver and muscle tissues, further assisting in lowering blood glucose levels. This function is vital for maintaining energy homeostasis in the body and is particularly important after meals when blood glucose levels rise. Thus, the impact of insulin on target cells in facilitating glucose uptake is paramount to its role in metabolic regulation.