What is the primary function of cortisol in the body?

• A. To enhance muscle growth
• B. To mediate stress responses
• C. To stimulate lactation
• D. To regulate circadian rhythms

Answer: (B)

Cortisol plays a crucial role in mediating stress responses in the body. It is often referred to as the "stress hormone," as it is released by the adrenal glands during times of stress or low blood glucose levels. Cortisol helps to prepare the body to respond to stressful situations by increasing glucose availability to the brain and muscles, enhancing the body's capacity to manage stress.

This hormone also has various effects on metabolism, helping to regulate how the body uses fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Additionally, it influences immune function and inflammation, helping to maintain homeostasis during stressful periods. This multifaceted role underscores cortisol's primary function in orchestrating the body's reactions to stress, highlighting its importance in maintaining overall physiological balance during times of challenge.