What is the primary hormone responsible for regulating glucose levels in the blood?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Cortisol
• D. Adrenaline

Answer: (A)

Insulin is the primary hormone responsible for regulating glucose levels in the blood. It is produced by the β-cells of the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose levels, such as after a meal. Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, particularly muscle and fat cells, allowing them to use glucose for energy or store it as glycogen for later use. This action lowers blood glucose levels, helping to maintain homeostasis in the body's metabolic processes.

Additionally, insulin plays a crucial role in fat storage and protein synthesis. When insulin is adequately functioning, it ensures that glucose is efficiently utilized and prevents prolonged high blood sugar levels, which can lead to conditions such as diabetes if not properly regulated. Thus, the primary function of this hormone in glucose regulation underscores its pivotal role in energy metabolism and overall health.