Which hormone is released by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?

• A. Glucagon
• B. Insulin
• C. Cortisol
• D. Adrenaline

Answer: (B)

The hormone that is released by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels is insulin. Insulin plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism and is essential for maintaining normal blood sugar levels. When blood glucose levels rise after eating, the pancreas secretes insulin. This hormone facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, particularly in muscle and fat tissues, allowing them to utilize glucose for energy or store it as glycogen for future use. As a result, insulin lowers the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream, helping to maintain homeostasis within the body.

In contrast, glucagon, which is also produced by the pancreas, works to raise blood glucose levels when they are too low by promoting the release of glucose from the liver. Cortisol is a steroid hormone that can increase blood sugar by stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver, especially during stress. Adrenaline, or epinephrine, can also raise blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogen breakdown and increasing glucose release from the liver. Understanding the role of insulin is vital in comprehending how the body regulates blood sugar levels and the implications for conditions such as diabetes.