Which hormone is the primary mediator of stress response?

• A. Adrenaline
• B. Insulin
• C. Cortisol
• D. Testosterone

Answer: (C)

Cortisol is the primary mediator of the stress response, often referred to as the "stress hormone." It plays a crucial role in the body's reaction to stress by helping to regulate a wide range of functions including metabolism, immune response, and blood pressure. When the body perceives a threat or stressor, the hypothalamus signals the adrenal glands to release cortisol, which then helps mobilize energy, modulate inflammation, and assist in maintaining homeostasis during stressful situations.

Cortisol is particularly important in the context of physical and emotional stress. It influences the body's ability to respond to challenges by promoting the release of glucose into the bloodstream, thus providing immediate energy for the "fight or flight" response. Additionally, cortisol helps to manage other hormones and systems that are activated during stress, reinforcing its role as a primary mediator in this complex physiological process.

In contrast, hormones like adrenaline (also known as epinephrine) primarily mediate immediate, short-term stress responses, acting quickly to prepare the body for rapid action, but cortisol's longer-term effects make it more critical in managing the overall stress response. Insulin is involved in glucose metabolism and is not directly related to stress responses, while testosterone is associated with various functions including muscle and bone health